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Interaction of selected cosmetic additives with biotransformation enzymes
Bušovská, Radka ; Hodek, Petr (advisor) ; Smrček, Stanislav (referee)
Substances which cause an endocrine dysfunction have a negative impact on the human body and can be found all around us. One of the main mechanisms of their action is the binding to cell receptors or the inhibition of key enzymes involved in steroid hormone synthesis. In this study, the inhibitory effect of selected perfumes and car air fresheners on the activity of aromatase, the key enzyme of steroidogenesis, was examined. Aromatase converts male sex hormones into the female ones. Inhibition of this enzyme results in decreased estrogen concentrations and may thus affects human fertility. The aromatase activity was examined based on the aromatization reaction of testosterone into estradiol. The formation of estradiol was monitored by TLC method. Based on the results of the pilot study the tested perfumes do not significantly inhibit the aromatase activity, while air fresheners in cars appear to be potential aromatase inhibitors. Keywords: Endocrine dysfunction, steroidogenesis, aromatase, perfumes, air fresheners, TLC, chromatography
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Endocrine role of adipose tissue in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammation in obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus
Kratochvílová, Helena ; Haluzík, Martin (advisor) ; Taxová Braunerová, Radka (referee)
Adipose tissue as an active endocrine organ is explored in a number of processes associated with metabolic disorders. This work is aimed on studying the effect of endoscopically implantable weight-reducing device - duodeno-jejunal bypass liner - on subclinical inflammation of adipose tissue in obese patients, which contributes to the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Specifically, for patients implanted with duodeno- jejunal bypass liner we determined anthropometric, biochemical and hormonal characteristics, and mRNA expression of subcutaneous adipose tissue proinflammatory (TNF-α, leptin, CCL- 2, CX3CL1, CD40, CD80, CD86, CD206, CD163 and IL-6) and anti-inflammatory genes (Adiponektin, IL-10) before, one month and ten months after the intervention. The implantation of duodeno-jejunal bypass liner significantly decreased body weight, waist circumference, and improved metabolic and glycemic control. In addition, C-reactive protein a highly sensitive indicator of inflammatory processes in the body was reduced ten months after implantation. In the case of mRNA expression of CD86 (a marker of activated B lymphocytes and macrophages) there was temporarily increase in adipose tissue one month after the surgery and the subsequent significant decrease after ten months. mRNA expression of other...
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The role of adipose tissue in the pathophysiology of obesity and anorexia nervosa
Kratochvílová, Helena ; Haluzík, Martin (advisor) ; Pavlišová, Jana (referee)
The view of adipose tissue and its significance in human pathophysiology has changed substantially in the recent couple of years. It has been shown that adipose tissue is not only a passive storage site for excess energy, but that it actively participates in the maintenance of whole-body homeostasis as an endocrine organ producing various hormones and other biologically active molecules, which by acting in an endocrine, paracrine as well as autocrine fashion affect different organs and systems. An intact regulation of adipose tissue processes plays an important role in sustaining the integrity of the organism, whereas its defects lead to the development of a number of diseases. This thesis focuses primarily on the significance of adipose tissue in the pathogenesis of obesity and anorexia nervosa. In the last years, the incidence of obesity rapidly increases ranking, along with its complications, among the world's leading health problems. Obesity is associated with endocrine dysfunction of adipose tissue characterized by disrupted production of adipose tissue hormones and cytokines resulting in the development of numerous disorders including type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases. A completely opposite disorder, where, however, adipose tissue, or more precisely the absence of it, plays...
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